Test Catalog

Test Id : PCAB

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Parietal Cell Antibodies, IgG, Serum

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Overview

Test Catalog

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Evaluating patients suspected of having pernicious anemia or autoimmune-mediated deficiency of vitamin B12 with or without megaloblastic anemia

Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.

Yes

Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test

Parietal Cell Ab, IgG, S

Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching

Gastric Parietal Cell

Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing

Serum

Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing

Collection Container/Tube:

Preferred: Serum gel

Acceptable: Red top

Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial

Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL

Collection Instructions: Centrifuge and aliquot serum into a plastic vial.

Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.

0.4 mL

Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected

Gross hemolysis Reject
Gross lipemia Reject
Gross icterus OK
Heat-treated specimen Reject

Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Serum Refrigerated (preferred) 21 days
Frozen 21 days

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Evaluating patients suspected of having pernicious anemia or autoimmune-mediated deficiency of vitamin B12 with or without megaloblastic anemia

Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test

Pernicious anemia (PA) is a common form of cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency anemia.(1) The disorder is characterized by abnormally large (megaloblastic) red blood cells and atrophic body gastritis (ABG) resulting from autoimmune-mediated destruction of parietal cells that line the stomach wall. The destruction of parietal cells leads to impaired production of intrinsic factor (IF) required for the absorption of vitamin B12. PA is frequently associated with other autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and vitiligo.(2-5) Diagnosis of PA relies on histologically proven ABG, peripheral blood examination showing megaloblastic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, parietal cell antibodies (PCA) with or without intrinsic factor antibodies (IFA), and elevated serum gastrin from loss of acid secretion.(2-4) PCA bind to the alpha- and beta-subunits of the membrane-bound H(+)/K(+)-ATPase while IFA bind directly to intrinsic factor, blocking its ability to bind vitamin B12.(1,4) Both PCA and IFA are useful diagnostic tests for PA, however, compared to PCA, IFA are more specific and lack diagnostic sensitivity.(2,4,5)

Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.

Negative: < or =20.0 Units

Equivocal: 20.1-24.9 Units

Positive: > or =25.0 Units 

Reference values apply to all ages.

Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results

A positive result indicates the presence of IgG antibodies to H(+)/K(+) ATPase and maybe suggestive of pernicious anemia (PA) or a related autoimmune disease.

 

A negative result indicates no detectable IgG antibodies to H(+)/K(+) ATPase; it does not rule out PA.

 

An equivocal result is inconclusive for the presence of IgG antibodies to H(+)/K(+)ATPase. Consider re-testing in 4-6 weeks if clinical suspicion for PA is high.

Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances

The presence of immune complexes or other immunoglobulin aggregates in the patient specimen may cause an increased nonspecific binding and produce false-positive results in this assay.

 

A negative result does not rule out the presence of parietal cell antibodies; the concentration of antibody may be below the detection limit of the assay.

 

A positive result only indicates the presence of antibody to H(+)/K(+) ATPase and does not necessarily indicate the presence of autoimmune disease or other diseases.

 

The assay performance has not been established for pediatric patients.

 

Results of this assay should be used in conjunction with clinical findings and other serological tests.

 

The assay performance characteristics have not been established for matrices other than serum.

Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature

1. Toh BH, Van Driel IR, Gleeson PA. Pernicious anemia. N Eng J Med. 1997;337(20):1441-1448

2. Bizzaro N, Antico A. Diagnosis and classification of pernicious anemia. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(4-5):565-568

3. Toh BH: Pathophysiology and laboratory diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Immunol Res. 2017;65(1):326-330

4. Lenti MV, Rugge M, Lahner E, et al. Autoimmune gastritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):56

5. Oo TH: Diagnostic difficulties in pernicious anemia. Discov Med. 2019;28(155):247-253

Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference

Purified H(+)/K(+) ATPase antigen, isolated from pig gastric mucosa, is bound to the wells of a polystyrene microwell plate under conditions that will preserve the antigen in its native state. Prediluted controls and diluted patient sera are added to separate wells, allowing any H(+)/K(+) ATPase antibodies present to bind to the immobilized antigen. Unbound sample is washed away, and an enzyme-labeled antihuman IgG conjugate is added to each well. A second incubation allows the enzyme-labeled antihuman IgG to bind to any patient antibodies, which have become attached to the microwells. After washing away any unbound enzyme-labeled antihuman IgG, the remaining enzyme activity is measured by adding a chromogenic substrate and measuring the intensity of the color that develops. The assay is evaluated spectrophotometrically by measuring and comparing the color intensity that develops in the patient wells with the color in the control wells.(Package insert: QUANTA Lite GPA. INOVA Diagnostics, Inc; Revision 6, 09/2019)

PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information

No

Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.

Tuesday, Friday

Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.

2 to 4 days

Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded

14 days

Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test

Rochester

Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.

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Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.

This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.

CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.

CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.

83516

LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.

Test Id Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
PCAB Parietal Cell Ab, IgG, S 40960-7
Result Id Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
PCAB Parietal Cell Ab, IgG, S 40960-7

Test Setup Resources

Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.

Excel | Pdf

Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.

Normal Reports | Abnormal Reports

SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.

SI Normal Reports | SI Abnormal Reports