Test Catalog

Test Id : CITR

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Citrate Excretion, 24 Hour, Urine

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Overview

Test Catalog

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Diagnosing risk factors for patients with calcium kidney stones

 

Monitoring results of therapy in patients with calcium stones or renal tubular acidosis

Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test

Enzymatic

NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.

Yes

Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test

Citrate Excretion, 24 Hr, U

Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching

Citric Acid, Urine

Urinary Citrate Excretion

Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing

Urine

Necessary Information

Patient's age and 24-hour volume (in milliliters) are required.

ORDER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question ID Description Answers
TM51 Collection Duration
VL49 Urine Volume

Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing

Patient Preparation: Any drug that causes alkalemia or acidemia may be expected to alter citrate excretion and should be avoided, if possible. The patient must avoid laxative use for 24 hour collection period.

Supplies:

-Diazolidinyl Urea (Germall) 5.0 mL (T822)

-Sarstedt 5 mL Aliquot Tube (T914)

Container/Tube: Plastic tube

Specimen Volume: 4 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Add 5 mL of diazolidinyl urea (Germall) as preservative at start of collection or refrigerate specimen during and after collection.

2. Collect urine for 24 hours.

3. Mix well before taking 4-mL aliquot.

Additional Information: See Urine Preservatives-Collection and Transportation for 24-Hour Urine Specimens for multiple collections.

Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test

Forms

If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Renal Diagnostics Test Request (T830) with the specimen.

Urine Preservative Collection Options

Note: The addition of preservative must occur at the start of collection or application of temperature controls must occur during and after collection

Ambient

No

Refrigerate

OK

Frozen

OK

50% Acetic Acid

No

Boric Acid

OK

Diazolidinyl Urea

Preferred

6M Hydrochloric Acid

No

6M Nitric Acid

No

Sodium Carbonate

No

Thymol

OK

Toluene

No

Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.

1 mL

Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected

All specimens will be evaluated at Mayo Clinic Laboratories for test suitability.

Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Urine Refrigerated (preferred) 14 days
Frozen 14 days

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Diagnosing risk factors for patients with calcium kidney stones

 

Monitoring results of therapy in patients with calcium stones or renal tubular acidosis

Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test

Urinary citrate is a major inhibitor of kidney stone formation due in part to binding of calcium in urine. Low urine citrate levels are considered a risk for kidney stone formation.

 

Several metabolic disorders are associated with low urine citrate. Any condition that lowers renal tubular pH or intracellular pH may decrease citrate (eg, metabolic acidosis, increased acid ingestion, hypokalemia, or hypomagnesemia).

 

Low urinary citrate promotes kidney stone formation and growth, and is subject to therapy by correcting acidosis, hypokalemia, or hypomagnesemia by altering diet or using drugs such as citrate and potassium.

Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.

0-19 years: not established

20 years: 150-1,191 mg/24 hours

21 years: 157-1,191 mg/24 hours

22 years: 164-1,191 mg/24 hours

23 years: 171-1,191 mg/24 hours

24 years: 178-1,191 mg/24 hours

25 years: 186-1,191 mg/24 hours

26 years: 193-1,191 mg/24 hours

27 years: 200-1,191 mg/24 hours

28 years: 207-1,191 mg/24 hours

29 years: 214-1,191 mg/24 hours

30 years: 221-1,191 mg/24 hours

31 years: 228-1,191 mg/24 hours

32 years: 235-1,191 mg/24 hours

33 years: 242-1,191 mg/24 hours

34 years: 250-1,191 mg/24 hours

35 years: 257-1,191 mg/24 hours

36 years: 264-1,191 mg/24 hours

37 years: 271-1,191 mg/24 hours

38 years: 278-1,191 mg/24 hours

39 years: 285-1,191 mg/24 hours

40 years: 292-1,191 mg/24 hours

41 years: 299-1,191 mg/24 hours

42 years: 306-1,191 mg/24 hours

43 years: 314-1,191 mg/24 hours

44 years: 321-1,191 mg/24 hours

45 years: 328-1,191 mg/24 hours

46 years: 335-1,191 mg/24 hours

47 years: 342-1,191 mg/24 hours

48 years: 349-1,191 mg/24 hours

49 years: 356-1,191 mg/24 hours

50 years: 363-1,191 mg/24 hours

51 years: 370-1,191 mg/24 hours

52 years: 378-1,191 mg/24 hours

53 years: 385-1,191 mg/24 hours

54 years: 392-1,191 mg/24 hours

55 years: 399-1,191 mg/24 hours

56 years: 406-1,191 mg/24 hours

57 years: 413-1,191 mg/24 hours

58 years: 420-1,191 mg/24 hours

59 years: 427-1,191 mg/24 hours

60 years: 434-1,191 mg/24 hours

>60 years: not established

Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results

Any value less than the mean for 24 hours represents a potential risk for kidney stone formation and growth. Patients with low urinary citrate and new or growing stone formation, may benefit from adjustments in therapy known to increase urinary citrate excretion. (See Clinical Information)

 

Very low levels (<150 mg/24 hours) suggest investigation is needed for the possible diagnosis of metabolic acidosis (eg, renal tubular acidosis).

Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances

Drugs that lower systemic pH, potassium, and/or magnesium also lower urine citrate and are to be avoided in patients with a tendency to form calcium stones.

 

Conversely, drugs that raise systemic pH, potassium, and/or magnesium, may raise urine citrate and should be considered when treating patients or interpreting results.

Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature

1. Hosking DH, Wilson JW, Liedtke RR, Smith LH, Wilson DM: The urinary excretion of citrate in normal persons and patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. Lab Clin Med. 1985 Dec;106(6):682-689.

2. Lieske JC, Wang X: Heritable traits that contribute to nephrolithiasis. Urolithiasis. 2019 February; 47(1): 5-10

3. Lieske JC, Turner ST, Edeh SN, Smith JA, Kardia SLR: Heritability of urinary traits that contribute to nephrolithiasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 May;9(5):943-950

Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference

Citric acid in the presence of zinc (2+) at pH 8.2 is catalyzed to oxaloacetate by the enzyme, citrate lyase. Oxaloacetate in the presence of malate dehydrogenase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is reduced to malate (II). The citric acid concentration in the reaction mixture can be determined by measuring the disappearance of the light-absorbing NADH. By correcting this concentration for dilution and 24-hour volume, the amount of citric acid excreted per 24 hours is obtained.(Nielsen TT: A method for enzymatic determination of citrate in serum and urine. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1976;36:513-519; Delaney MP, Lamb EJ: Kidney disease. In: Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT, eds. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2018:1309-1310)

PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information

No

Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.

Monday through Saturday

Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.

Same day/1 day

Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded

7 days

Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test

Rochester

Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.

  • Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
  • Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
  • Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.

Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.

CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.

82507

 

LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.

Test Id Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
CITR Citrate Excretion, 24 Hr, U 6687-8
Result Id Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
CITRT Citrate Excretion, 24 Hr, U 6687-8
TM51 Collection Duration 13362-9
VL49 Urine Volume 3167-4

Test Setup Resources

Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.

Excel | Pdf

Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.

Normal Reports | Abnormal Reports

SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.

SI Normal Reports | SI Abnormal Reports