Diagnostic testing for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients suspected to have active H pylori infection
Monitoring response to therapy
This test is not appropriate for asymptomatic people.
For more information see Helicobacter pylori Diagnostic Algorithm.
Qualitative Spectrophotometry
H. Pylori Urea Breath Test
Helicobacter Pylori Breath Test
Pylori, Helicobactor Breath Test
Ulcer Breath Test
Urea Breath Test
UBT
(13)C Urea Breath Test
For more information see Helicobacter pylori Diagnostic Algorithm.
Breath
An alternative test for the diagnosis of active Helicobacter pylori infection in patients is the HPFRP / Helicobacter pylori with Clarithromycin Resistance Prediction, Molecular Detection, PCR, Feces, which requires a different collection.
Patient Preparation:
1. Patient should be fasting for 1 hour.
2. Do not administer this test if this list of instructions is not followed, as test results may be inaccurate:
a. Do not administer this test if patient is allergic to citric acid.
Note: Product contains aspartame.
b. Patients should not take proton-pump inhibitors (eg, Prilosec, Prevacid, Aciphex, Protonix, and Nexium) or bismuth compounds (eg, Pepto-Bismol) for 2 weeks prior to testing.
c. Patients should not take antibiotics for 4 weeks prior to testing.
d. Histamine 2-receptor antagonists (H2RA), such as Pepcid, Tagamet, Axid, or Zantac may impact the sensitivity of the test and, if possible, should be discontinued for 2 weeks prior to testing.
3. Carafate (sucralfate) does not interfere with the test. Use of antacids does not affect the accuracy of this assay.
Supplies: H. Pylori Breath Kit - Meridian BreathID (T906; fees apply)
Collection Instructions:
1. Do not collect if patient is younger than 3 years of age.
2. Follow instructions included with kit.
3. Mixing the (13)C-Urea Tablet
a. Dissolve the Citrica and the (13)C-enriched urea tablet in 150 to 200 mL (5.1 to 6.8 oz.) of tap water in the provided drinking cup.
b. Close the lid firmly using both hands. Place fingers over lid and shake thoroughly for a few minutes, until the Citrica Powder and the urea tablet are completely dissolved.
Note: Tiny particles may remain visible after thorough mixing. However, if more substantial particulate matter is still present after five minutes of mixing, discard the solution and repeat the procedure with a new kit.
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send 1 of the following forms with the specimen:
-Infectious Disease Serology Test Request (T916)
-Gastroenterology and Hepatology Test Request
-Microbiology Test Request (T244)
-General Request (T239)
Bag of ''breath'' must be full
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breath | Ambient | 14 days | BREATH TEST BAG |
Diagnostic testing for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients suspected to have active H pylori infection
Monitoring response to therapy
This test is not appropriate for asymptomatic people.
For more information see Helicobacter pylori Diagnostic Algorithm.
Helicobacter pylori is recognized as an important pathogen and a causal relationship between H pylori and chronic active gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric ulcer is well documented. Currently there are numerous H pylori detection technologies for upper gastrointestinal disease including biopsy and serum analysis. These technologies depend on 2 general approaches for obtaining a sample for testing: invasive and noninvasive. The most common invasive test method requires an endoscopic gastric biopsy. The tissue collected from the biopsy is then examined in a laboratory by microbiologic culture of the organism, direct detection of urease activity in the tissue, by molecular testing, or by histological examination of stained tissue. Biopsy-based methods present an element of patient risk and discomfort and may provide false-negative results due to sampling errors.
The (13)C-urea breath test provides a noninvasive and nonhazardous analysis of the exhaled breath. The BreathID test measures the (12)CO2 (carbon dioxide) and (13)CO2 (labelled carbon dioxide) components of the exhaled breath before and after the oral ingestion of (13)C-enriched urea. This establishes the baseline ratio of (13)CO2/(12)CO2 and the post ingestion ratio of (13)CO2/(12)CO2 in order to determine the delta over baseline (change in the (13)CO2/(12)CO2 ratio).
The BreathID Hp Lab System, using molecular correlation spectroscopy (MCS), is intended for use to noninvasively measure changes in the (13)CO2/(12)CO2 ratio of exhaled breath, which may be indicative of increased urease production associated with active H pylori infection in the stomach. MCS uses infrared light to precisely match the CO2 molecule wavelength allowing for a smaller sample and minimal cross-sensitivity and low power consumption.
For more information see Helicobacter pylori Diagnostic Algorithm.
Negative
Reference values apply to all ages.
The Helicobacter pylori urea breath test can detect very low levels of H pylori and, by assessing the entire gastric mucosa, avoids the risk of sampling errors inherent in biopsy-based methods. In the absence of gastric H pylori, the (13)C-urea does not produce (13)CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the stomach.
A negative result does not rule out the possibility of H pylori infection. If clinical signs are suggestive of H pylori infection, retest with a new specimen or by using an alternative method.
A false-positive test may occur due to urease associated with other gastric spiral organisms observed in humans such as Helicobacter heilmannii.
A false-positive test could occur in patients who have achlorhydria.
Testing for Helicobacter pylori is only recommended if treatment is planned.
For patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), the Citrica powder/(13)C-urea solution contains phenylalanine (84 mg/dose; for reference, 12 ounces of a typical diet cola contains approximately 80 mg).
Proton pump inhibitors and bismuth compounds should be avoided for 2 weeks prior to initial testing; antibiotics should be avoided for 4 weeks prior to initial testing. False-negative results may occur if testing occurs prior to these recommended timeframes. If testing is performed to determine response to therapy, testing should be performed at least 4 weeks after completion of antibiotic therapy and after PPI therapy has been withheld for 2 weeks. Histamine 2-receptor antagonists have been shown to slightly decrease the sensitivity of some Helicobacter pylori tests and, if possible, should be discontinued 2 weeks before testing.
Antacids do not appear to impair test performance and may be taken up to one day before testing.
If particulate matter is visible in the reconstituted Citrica powder/(13)C-urea solution after five minutes of thorough mixing, the solution should not be used.
The breath test should not be used until 4 weeks or more after the end of treatment for the eradication of H pylori as earlier posttreatment assessment may give false-negative results.
A correlation between the number of H pylori organisms in the stomach and the breath test result has not been established.
Data is insufficient for recommending the use of this test on patients with total or partial gastrectomy.
Data is insufficient to recommend the use of this test on pregnant and lactating women.
1. Talley NJ, Vakil NB, Moayyedi P. American gastroenterological association technical review on the evaluation of dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 2005;129(5):1756-1780
2. Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, Moss SF. ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(2):212-239. doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.563
3. Talley NJ, Ford AC. Functional dyspepsia. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(19):1853-1863. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1501505
In the Helicobacter pylori urea breath test, 75 mg (13)C-urea tablet and 4.3 g Citrica powder are dissolved in water, and the resulting solution is ingested by the patient. The presence of the Citrica creates an acidic environment in the stomach and delays the transfer of the ingested solution to the duodenum. These 2 characteristics facilitate the decomposition of the urea by H pylori, if present. Thus, in the presence of urease associated with gastric H pylori, (13)C-urea is decomposed to (13)CO2 (carbon dioxide) and ammonia.
The (13)CO2 is absorbed into the blood and then exhaled in the breath. Absorption and distribution of (13)CO2 is fast. Therefore, the cleavage of urea by the H pylori urease that produces the (13)CO2 occurs immediately after the solution is ingested and enables immediate detection of increased (13)CO2 in the exhaled breath of H pylori-positive patients. In the case of H pylori-negative patients, the (13)C-urea does not produce (13)CO2 in the stomach because there are no human enzymes that can decompose the urea in the stomach.(Package insert: IDkit Hp Two for Exalenz BreathID Hp Lab System. Exalenz Bioscience Ltd; Revision 07, 07/2022)
Monday through Friday, Sunday
This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.
83013
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| UBT | H. pylori C Urea Breath Test | 29891-9 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| 81590 | H. pylori C Urea Breath Test | 29891-9 |