Test Id : MCSRC

When this test is ordered, slide review will always be performed at an additional charge.

Multiple oncology (cancer) gene panels are available. For more information see Hematology, Oncology, and Hereditary Test Selection Guide.

A pathology report (final or preliminary), at minimum containing the following information, must accompany specimen for testing to be performed:

1. Patient name

2. Block number-must be on all blocks, slides, and paperwork (can be handwritten on the paperwork)

3. Tissue collection date

4. Source of the tissue

This assay requires at least 20% tumor nuclei.

-Preferred amount of tumor area with sufficient percent tumor nuclei: tissue 360 mm(2)

-Minimum amount of tumor area: tissue 72 mm(2)

-These amounts are cumulative over up to 15 unstained slides and must have adequate percent tumor nuclei.

-Tissue fixation: 10% neutral buffered formalin, not decalcified

-For specimen preparation guidance, see Tissue Requirement for Solid Tumor Next-Generation Sequencing. In this document, the sizes are given as 4 mm x 4 mm x 10 slides as preferred: approximate/equivalent to 144 mm(2) and the minimum as 3 mm x 1 mm x 10 slides: approximate/equivalent to 36 mm(2).

Preferred:

Specimen Type: Tissue block

Collection Instructions: Submit a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue block with acceptable amount of tumor tissue.

Acceptable:

Specimen Type: Tissue slides

Slides: 1 Stained and 15 unstained

Collection Instructions: Submit 1 slide stained with hematoxylin and eosin and 15 unstained, nonbaked slides with 5-micron thick sections of the tumor tissue.

Note: The total amount of required tumor nuclei can be obtained by scraping up to 15 slides from the same block.

Additional Information: Unused unstained slides will not be returned.

Specimen Type: Cytology slides (direct smears or ThinPrep)

Slides: 2 to 4 Slides

Collection Instructions: Submit 2 to 4 slides stained and coverslipped with a preferred total of 10,000 nucleated cells, or a minimum of at least 3000 nucleated cells.

Note: Glass coverslips are preferred; plastic coverslips are acceptable but will result in longer turnaround times.

Additional Information: Cytology slides will not be returned.

• Tissue Requirements for Solid Tumor Next-Generation Sequencing
• Targeted Genes and Methodology Details for MayoComplete Sarcoma Panels
• Targeted Gene Fusions and Methodology Details for MayoComplete Sarcoma Panel

If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send an Oncology Test Request (T729) with the specimen.

See Specimen Required

Primarily for identifying mutations that help in the diagnosis of specific soft tissue and bone tumors (sarcoma)

Secondarily for identifying mutations that have therapeutic or prognostic significance

Assessing microsatellite instability for immunotherapy decisions

This test uses targeted next-generation sequencing to evaluate for somatic mutations within the ALK, APC, BAP1, BCOR, BRAF, CDKN2A, CTNNB1, DICER1, EED, EGFR, FGFR4, GNA11, GNA14, GNAQ, GNAS, H3-3A, H3-3B, KIT, MDM2, MED12, MYOD1, NF1, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, PTPRD, ROS1, SMARCB1, SUZ12, TERT-promoter, TP53, and TSC2 genes. In addition, this test evaluates 138 gene targets for the presence of somatic gene fusions. It also assesses for microsatellite instability status and BCOR internal tandem duplications. See Targeted Genes and Methodology Details for MayoComplete Sarcoma Panels and Targeted Genes Fusions and Methodology Details for MayoComplete Sarcoma Panel for details regarding the targeted gene regions evaluated by this test.

This test is performed to evaluate for somatic mutations within solid tumor samples. It does not assess for germline alterations within the genes listed.

When this test is ordered, slide review will always be performed at an additional charge.

Molecular analysis of biomarkers is increasingly being utilized in oncology practices to support and guide diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of patients. Microsatellite instability status is an increasingly important biomarker for determining effective immunotherapeutic treatment options for patients with solid tumors.

This next-generation sequencing assay interrogates targeted regions for the presence of somatic mutations, chromosomal translocations, interstitial deletions, and inversions that lead to gene fusions that are common in various sarcomas.

An interpretive report will be provided.

The interpretation of molecular biomarker analysis includes an overview of the results and the associated diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.

This test cannot differentiate between somatic and germline alterations. Additional testing may be necessary to clarify the significance of results if there is a potential hereditary risk.

RNA is particularly labile and degrades quickly. Rapid preservation of the tumor sample after collection reduces the likelihood of degradation, but sometimes, there are biological factors, such as tumor necrosis, that interfere with obtaining a high-quality RNA specimen despite rapid preservation.

DNA variants and fusions of uncertain significance may be identified.

A negative result does not rule out the presence of a variant or fusion that may be present below the limits of detection of this assay. The analytical sensitivity of this assay for sequence reportable alterations is 5% mutant allele frequency with a minimum coverage of 500X in a sample with 20% or more tumor content.

Point mutations and small deletion-insertion mutations will be detected in the ALK, APC, BAP1, BCOR, BRAF, CDKN2A, CTNNB1, DICER1, EED, EGFR, FGFR4, GNA11, GNA14, GNAQ, GNAS, H3-3A, H3-3B, KIT, MDM2, MED12, MYOD1, NF1, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, PTPRD, ROS1, SMARCB1, SUZ12, TERT-promoter, TP53, and TSC2 genes. This test may detect single exon deletions but does not detect multiexon deletions, duplications, or genomic copy number variants.

Variant allele frequency (VAF) is the percentage of sequencing reads supporting a specific variant divided by the total sequencing reads at that position. In somatic testing, VAF should be interpreted in the context of several factors including, but not limited to: tumor purity/heterogeneity/copy number status (ploidy, gains/losses, loss of heterozygosity) and sequencing artifact/misalignment].(1,2)

This panel can detect in-frame and out-of-frame fusions. There may be lower sensitivity in detecting out-of-frame fusions, such as exon-intron, intron-intron, or big insertions. This assay will only detect fusions involving at least one gene in the defined gene fusion target list of interest.

This assay will only detect fusions involving gene transcripts that have been defined in UCSC Genome Browser (March 2012 version) available from Illumina's iGenomes Project.

Rare polymorphisms may be present that could lead to false-negative or false-positive results.

The presence or absence of a variant or fusion may not be predictive of response to therapy in all patients.

Test results should be interpreted in the context of clinical, tumor sampling, histopathological, and other laboratory data. If results obtained do not match other clinical or laboratory findings, contact the laboratory for discussion. Misinterpretation of results may occur if the information provided is inaccurate or incomplete.

Reliable results are dependent on adequate specimen collection and processing. This test has been validated on cytology slides and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues; other types of fixatives are discouraged. Improper treatment of tissues, such as decalcification, may cause polymerase chain reaction failure.

Performance Characteristics

The limit of detection for calling a somatic variant (single nucleotide variants [SNV] and deletions-insertions [delins, formerly indels]) is 5% variant allele frequency and having at least 500x deduplicated coverage.

Verification studies demonstrated concordance between this test and the reference method for detection of SNV and delins is 99.7% (699/701) and 96.6% (226/234) of variants, respectively. Concordance for the detection of delins was 98.9% (186/188) in variants 1 to 10 base pair (bp) in size, 95.8% (23/24) in variants 11 to 50 bp in size, and 88.9% (8/9) in variants 51 to 200 bp in size.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) evaluation is accurate at a tumor purity of at least 10% for colorectal tumors and 20% for other tumor types. During verification studies, 98% (200/204) concordance for MSI status was observed between this test and the reference method.

Fusion evaluation was performed in 111 sarcoma formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and cytology samples (86 fusion positive and 25 fusion negative). The next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay results were confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in situ hybridization tests. The overall accuracy of the fusion NGS assay was 95.5% (106/111). No targeted gene fusions were detected in 20 negative control samples (100% specificity).

To ensure accuracy, this test will be performed on cases that are estimated by a pathologist to have at least 20% tumor cells.

1. Strom SP. Current practices and guidelines for clinical next-generation sequencing oncology testing. Cancer Biol Med. 2016;13(1):3-11. doi:10.28092/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0004

2. Spurr L, Li M, Alomran N, et al. Systematic pan-cancer analysis of somatic allele frequency. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):7735. Published 2018 May 16. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25462-0

3. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling. FDA; Updated February 10, 2023, Accessed August 1, 2023. Available at www.fda.gov/drugs/science-and-research-drugs/table-pharmacogenomic-biomarkers-drug-labeling

4. Jia Y, Xie Z, Li H. Intergenically spliced chimeric RNAs in cancer. Trends Cancer. 2016;2(9):475-482. doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2016.07.006

5. Jo VY, Fletcher CDM. WHO classification of soft tissue tumours: an update based on the 2013. 4th ed. Pathology. 2014;46(2):95-104. doi:10.1097/PAT.0000000000000050

6. Fletcher CDM. The evolving classification of soft tissue tumours - an update based on the new 2013 WHO classification. Histopathology. 2014;64(1):2-11. doi:10.1111/his.12267

7. Quesada J, Amato R. The molecular biology of soft-tissue sarcomas and current trends in therapy. Sarcoma. 2012;2012:849456. doi:10.1155/2012/849456

8. Podnar J, Deiderick H, Huerta G, Hunicke-Smith S. Next-generation sequencing RNA-seq library construction. Curr Protoc Mol Biol. 2014;106:4.21.1-19. doi:10.1002/0471142727.mb0421s106

9. Mertens F, Tayebwa J. Evolving techniques for gene fusion detection in soft tissue tumours. Histopathology. 2014;64(1):151-162. doi: 10.1111/his.12272

10. AI-Zaid T, Wang WL, Somaiah N, Lazar AJ. Molecular profiling of sarcomas: new vistas for precision medicine. Virchows Arch. 2017;471(2):243-255

11. Gao Q, Liang WW, Foltz SM, et al. Driver fusions and their implications in the development and treatment of human cancers. Cell Rep. 2018;23(1):227-238e3. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.050

12. Lam SW, Cleton-Jansen AM, Cleven AHG, et al. Molecular analysis of gene fusions in bone and soft tissue tumors by anchored multiplex PCR-based targeted next-generation sequencing. J Mol Diagn. 2018;20(5):653-663. doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2018.05.007

13. Roy A, Kumar V, Zorman B, et al. Recurrent internal tandem duplications of BCOR in clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. Nat Commun. 2015;6:8891. doi:10.1038/ncomms9891

14. Marino-Enriquez A, Lauria A, Przybyl J, et al. BCOR internal tandem duplication in high-grade uterine sarcomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2018;42(3):335-341. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000993

15. Marcus L, Lemery SJ, Keegan P, Pazdur R. FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for the treatment of microsatellite instability-high solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(13):3753-3758. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-4070

Next-generation sequencing is performed to determine microsatellite instability (MSI) status and evaluate the presence of a mutation in targeted regions of the ALK, APC, BAP1, BCOR, BRAF, CDKN2A, CTNNB1, DICER1, EED, EGFR, FGFR4, GNA11, GNA14, GNAQ, GNAS, H3-3A, H3-3B, KIT, MDM2, MED12, MYOD1, NF1, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, PTPRD, ROS1, SMARCB1, SUZ12, TERT-promoter, TP53, and TSC2 genes. RNA-based next-generation sequencing is performed to test for the presence of rearrangements involving targeted regions of 138 fusion. See Targeted Genes and Methodology Details for MayoComplete Sarcoma Panels and Targeted Genes Fusions and Methodology Details for MayoComplete Sarcoma Panel for details regarding the targeted gene regions evaluated by this test. genes.(Unpublished Mayo method)

A pathology review and macro dissection to enrich for tumor cells are performed prior to slide scraping.

Monday through Friday

• Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
• Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
• Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

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