Test Catalog

Test Id : ZONI

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Zonisamide, Serum

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Overview

Test Catalog

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Monitoring zonisamide therapy; recommended for all patients to ensure appropriate dosing

 

Assessing medication compliance

Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.

Yes

Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test

Zonisamide, S

Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching

Zonisamide (Zonegran)

Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing

Serum Red

Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing

Supplies: Sarstedt Aliquot Tube, 5 mL (T914)

Collection Container/Tube: Red top (serum gel/SST is not acceptable)

Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial

Specimen Volume: 1 mL

Collection Instructions: Centrifuge and aliquot serum into plastic vial within 2 hours of collection.

Forms

If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send 1 of the following forms with the specimen:

-Neurology Specialty Testing Client Test Request (T732)

-Therapeutics Test Request (T831)

Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.

0.5 mL

Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected

Gross hemolysis OK
Gross lipemia OK
Gross icterus OK
 

Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Serum Red Refrigerated (preferred) 28 days
Ambient 28 days
Frozen 28 days

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Monitoring zonisamide therapy; recommended for all patients to ensure appropriate dosing

 

Assessing medication compliance

Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test

Zonisamide (Zonegran) is approved as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures refractory to therapy with traditional anticonvulsants. Zonisamide is the pharmacologically active agent; its metabolites are not active. Essentially 100% of the zonisamide dose is absorbed. Approximately 88% of circulating zonisamide is bound to erythrocytes. The relationship between the serum level and dose is not linear because erythrocyte-bound zonisamide is inactive and binding varies with blood concentration. Time to peak zonisamide concentration is 2 to 6 hours; time to peak is delayed by coadministration with food to 4 to 6 hours. Zonisamide is metabolized by N-acetyl transferase (NAT1), cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and uridine diphosphate glucuronidation (UDPG). Zonisamide is eliminated in the urine predominantly as the parent drug (35%), N-acetyl zonisamide (15%), and as the glucuronide ester of reduced zonisamide (50%). Coadministration of drugs that affect NAT1, CYP3A4, and UDPG activity, such as phenytoin and carbamazepine, will decrease zonisamide concentration.

 

A typical zonisamide dose administered to an adult is 400 to 600 mg/day, administered in 2 divided doses. The apparent volume of distribution of zonisamide is 1.5 L/kg. Approximately 40% of the zonisamide circulating in the serum is bound to proteins. Zonisamide protein binding is unaffected by other common anticonvulsant drugs. The elimination half-life from plasma is 50 to 60 hours; the elimination half-life from erythrocytes is over 100 hours. Since zonisamide is cleared predominantly by the kidney, the daily dosage of zonisamide given to patients with a creatinine clearance below 20 mL/min should be reduced.(1,2)

 

Serum level monitoring is recommended for all patients to ensure appropriate dosing because:

-Patient response correlates with serum level.

-Serum level does not correlate with dose because of concentration-dependent erythrocyte binding.

-Elimination is affected by coadministration of drugs that affect NAT1, CYP3A4, and UDPG.

-Kidney function affects elimination.

 

The most common toxicity associated with excessive serum level is drowsiness. Adverse effects not related to serum level include rash, increased serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase, kidney stone formation, and bruising.

Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.

10-40 mcg/mL

Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results

Steady-state zonisamide concentration in a trough specimen collected just before next dose correlates with patient response but not with dose. Optimal response to zonisamide occurs when trough zonisamide concentration is in the range of 10 to 40 mcg/mL. Peak serum concentration for zonisamide occurs 2 to 6 hours after dose, and time to peak is affected by food intake.

 

Because carbamazepine activates glucuronidation, patients taking carbamazepine concomitantly with zonisamide have significantly lower zonisamide concentrations compared to patients on the same dose not receiving carbamazepine.

Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances

Rufinamide is a known interference of this assay. Patients who are coadministered zonisamide and rufinamide may have falsely elevated and uninterpretable zonisamide concentrations reported by this assay.

Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature

1. Milone MC, Shaw LM: Therapeutic drugs and their management. In: Rifai N, Chiu RWK, Young I, Burnham CAD, Wittwer CT, eds. Tietz Textbook of Laboratory Medicine. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2023:420-453

2. Hiemke C, Baumann P, Bergemann N, et al. AGNP consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry: Update 2011. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2011;44(6):195-235

3. Perucca E. The clinical pharmacokinetics of the new antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 1999;40(Suppl 9):S7-S13. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02088.x

4. Marson AG, Hutton JL, Leach JP, et al. Levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, remacemide and zonisamide for drug resistant localization-related epilepsy: a systematic review. Epilepsy Res. 2001;46(3):259-270. doi:10.1016/s0920-1211(01)00287-x

5. Benedetti MS. Enzyme introduction and inhibition by new antiepileptic drugs: a review of human studies. Fundam Clin Pharmacol.  2000;14(4):301-319. doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2000.tb00411.x

6. Kawada K, Itoh A, Kusaka T, et al. Pharmacokinetics of zonisamide in perinatal period. Brain Dev. 2002;24(2):95-97. doi:10.1016/s0387-7604(01)00407-7

Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference

The serum sample is deproteinated with acetonitrile containing the deuterium labeled internal standard. The protein precipitate is centrifuged, and a portion of the supernatant is diluted with mobile phase for detection by tandem mass spectrometry.(Unpublished Mayo method)

PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information

No

Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.

Monday through Saturday

Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.

Same day/1 to 5 days

Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded

14 days

Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test

Rochester

Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.

  • Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
  • Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
  • Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.

Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.

CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.

80203

LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.

Test Id Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
ZONI Zonisamide, S 29620-2
Result Id Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
83685 Zonisamide, S 29620-2

Test Setup Resources

Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.

Excel | Pdf

Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.

Normal Reports | Abnormal Reports

SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.

SI Normal Reports | SI Abnormal Reports